THE PROCESS OF NATION-BUILDING IN KAZAKHSTAN: HISTORICAL FOUNDATIONS, TOPICAL ISSUES AND IMPORTANT WORK VECTORS

Abstract

This article provides an analysis of the nation-building process in Kazakhstan, focusing on its theoretical foundations, historical context, and practical implementations. On examples from various countries, including the US, Japan, Singapore, Turkey, Baltic countries, Georgia, Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyzstan, the article explores different approaches to nation building. Special attention is paid to the challenges and work vectors specific to Kazakhstan, such as national self-identification, citizenship, language policy, nation-building terminology, ethnic and cultural diversity, socioeconomic disparities, historical legacies, geopolitical factors, generation gap, civic engagement, as well as formulating values and goals necessary for the successful implementation of nation-building policy.
The article emphasizes the importance of striking a balance between civic and ethnic dimensions in the nation-building process. It critically examines the possible shift from the civic term «Kazakhstani» to the civic term «Kazakh» and raises pertinent questions regarding this tendency. It highlights the need for inclusive policies that recognize the diversity within the Kazakhstani population and promote a unified national identity.
The article argues that addressing these challenges necessitates a multifaceted approach, encompassing inclusive governance, education, cultural initiatives, and intergroup dialogue. By navigating the complexities of terminology and identity, Kazakhstan can foster inclusivity and strengthen its nation-building efforts. The conclusion is that through discussions and comprehensive solutions, the country can maintain a harmonious social fabric while embracing its diverse population.